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442 the most advanced of all western nations, who were the admired of all admirers, who have produced some of the greatest scientists, the greatest philologists, the greatest historians and the greatest psychologists of the present day, whose educational institutions were regarded as models and were thronged by students from all parts of the world'-in short before the outbreak of the war Germany was worshipped as the apothesiosis of culture.” But today the Germans are accused of committing all the sins and crimes that a nation can be conceived capable of committing-today they are the breakers of áll laws, human and divine. Nowhere in the history of the world can be found such a sudden change-a change so sharp and clearin the attitude of one nation or a set of nations against another nation. Yet the change has not come in a day. If the mind is divested of all the fearful events that have characterised this " Cataclysmall outburst of ruthless militarism '-if the mind is made to assume that detatched condition which is so necessary to arrive at a correct conclusion, it will be seen that the change has not come in a day but that the trind of occidental culture-all that that culture connotes and denotes-has been in the direction of a world-wide life-and-death struggle. Darwin's theory of the survival of the fittestBacom's motto-Man is the servant and interpreter of Nature—the writings of Nietzsche who boldly declared that let us have not contentedness, but more power, not peace but warfare, not virtue but efficiency; that the weak must perish that is the first principle of charity ; that war and courage have done more great things than love to the neighbour; that man should be educated for war, and woman for the recreation of the warrior ; all these show the ethical condition of the westthey show the dominant trend of occidental culture, - The present war has shocked us--but it ÄNATHŠANDHU, one. Volume I. sequence of a culture of which the latest High Priests have been men: like Nietzsche, Treitschke and Bernhardi. Thousands, if not millions, of men and women have drawn their inspiration from the writings of these apostles of modern culture : indeed, it would not be wide out of the mark to say that the whole of the western world is even today steeped in the poisonous ideas and idea's preached by such writers-even now when perhaps humanity is crying louder than ever against warfane and its attending fearfulness-when everyone whether a belligerent or a neutral has grown sick of the whole thing-even now in their schemes for bringing about peace and maintaining it in the future, they are laying the foundation of a struggle more stupendous in extent and more terrible in intensity than the present Lord Robert Cecil in his statement just published regarding the reference to the economic leagues in President Wilson's reply to the Pope observes :- “It is scarcely extravagant to say, that if the war continues many months longer the Central Powers will find literally the whole of the rest of the world arrayed in arms against them. That state of things gives rise to two sive observations. “In the first place it shows that in the modern world military force is not everything and even if the Germans were really successful and invincible as the Kaiser and his Generals boast, Germany's future would still be increasingly dark. The second and more hopeful observation indicates perhaps the real solution of the greatest world problem of the day, namely, how we can take precautions to prevent future wars. The great “dificulty of all schemes for leagues of nations and such like has been to find an effective action against nations determined to break peace. I do not wish now to discuss at length the difficulties of joint armed action, but everyone who has should apt surprize us. It is only the logical studied the question knows that they are very