পাতা:পৃথিবীর ইতিহাস - ষষ্ঠ খণ্ড (দুর্গাদাস লাহিড়ী).pdf/২৪৫

বিভিন্ন দাশনিক সম্প্রদায়ের বাদ-বিতণ্ড । ఫిలి& মৰ্ম্মার্থ—একই পদার্থ সম্বন্ধে আছে ও নাই' ( "অস্তি’ ও ‘নাপ্তি' ) শব্দ প্রয়োগে বিরুদ্ধBDSBBB BD D SHDBDS D DBBD ee BDS DDD DDDDS BBBDD sama এ পরস্পর-বিরুদ্ধ ভাব একই পদার্থে তিটিতে পারে না সত্য ; কিন্তু সমাবেশ চিন্তার মধ্যে, মননে বা সঙ্করে, এ যুক্তির স্থান অবশুই আছে। কোনও ""' পদার্থ যদি নির্দিষ্টরূপে নির্ণীত ও সংজ্ঞাপ্রাপ্ত না হয়, তাহ হইলে তৎमश्रक क्लेिख ७ छन भूश्ञान हब्र। शाह ‘क’ ७वर शश ‘क’-नtरु, डॉशtक शक् ि७कहे পদার্থ বলি, অভিন্ন-বাক্যে সংজ্ঞিত করি, তাহা হইলে সেই বাক্যেরও কোনও অর্থ পরিগ্রহ for thought. Unless things are definitely what they are and are kept to their definition, thought and knowledge become imposible. For instance, if 4 and not-4 be the same it is hardly possible to find any meaning even in the simplest statements, for the nature of the thing becomes absolutely indefinite and so indeterminate, Hence Formal Logic teaches that thought is distinction and is not possible without ft.* "But is thought simply a distinction and notbing else Is the distinction absolute and ultimate y We, the Jains, would undoubtedly say that it can never be absolute distinction. If thought is distinction yet it implies at the same time relation. Everything implies something other than it : “This implies That"; ‘Now implies Then" ; ‘Here implies There'; and the like. Each thing, each aspect of reality is possible only in relation to and distinct from some other aspect of reality, if so, A is only possible in relation to and distinct from not-4. Thus, by marking one thing off from another, it, at the same time, connects one thing with another. A thing which has nothing to distinguish from, is as impossible as equally unthinkable is the thing which is absolutely separated from all others so as to have no community between them. An absolute distinction would be self-contradictory for it would cut off every connection or relation of the thing from which it is distinguished. The principle of absolute contradiction is suicidal ; because it destructs itself... - "To illustrate let us take the instance of the jar. I say that the jar is a finite object. Now, what do we mean by finite thing is that it is limited in extent. And the question may be raised : is the limit self-imposed or imposed from without. Or, in other words, is the limit created by the object itself or is it due to the presence of another which limits it. The answer must be that it is limited by something else. Now, may it not be said that the jar is finite only by virtue of something else . It is what it is only in relation with something else, without which its existence as such would be impossible. So the Law of Contradiction, if it speaks of absolute difference, is manifestly a sutclidal principle. "Take any thought-determination and the same principle will hold gcod. The