gruívov should have gone in study, is blamed for thus making parents unhappy and preparing for himself a miserable future; but another who, thinking exclusively of claims on him, reads night after night with hot or aching head, and, breaking down, cannot take his degree, but returns home shattered in health and unable to support himself, is named with pity only, as not subject to any moral judgment; or rather, the moral judgment passed is wholly favourable. Thus recognizing the evils caused by some kinds of conduct only, men at large, and moralists as exponents of their beliefs, ignore the suffering and death daily caused around them by disregard of that guidance which has established itself in the course of evolution. Led by the tacit assumption, common to Pagan stoics and Christian ascetics, that we are so liabolically organized that pleasures are injurious and pains beneficial, people on all sides yield examples of livcs blasted by persisting in actions against which their sensations rebel. Here is one who, drenched to the skin and sitting in a cold wind pooh-poohs his shiverings and gets rheumatic fever with subsequent heart-disease, which makes worthless the short life remaining to him. Here is another who, disregarding painful feelings, works too soon after a debilitating illness, and establishes disordered health that lasts for the rest of his days, and makes him uscless to himself and others. Now the account is of a youth who, persisting in gymnastic feats spite of scarcely buarable straining, bursts a blood-vessel, and, long laid on the shelf, is permanently damaged, while now it is of a man in middle life who, pushing muscular effort to painful excess suddenly brings on hernia. In this family is a case of aphasis, spreading paralysis, and death, caused by eating too little and doing too much; in that, softening of the brain has been brought on by ceaseless mental efforts against which the feelings hourly protested; and in others, less serious brain-affections have been contracted by overstudy continued regardless of discomfort and the craving for fresh air and exercisc. Even without accumulating special examples, the truth is forced on us by the visible traits of classes. The careworn man of business too long at his office, the cadaverous barrister pouring half the night over his briefs, the feeble factory hands and unhealthy seamstresses passing long hours in bad air, the anaemic, flat-chested school girls, bending over many lessons and forbidden boisterous play, no less than Sheffield grinders who die of Suffocating dust, and poasants crippled with rheumatism due to exposure, show us the widesplead miseries caused by persevering in action repugnant to the sensations and neglecting actions which the sensations prompt. Nay the evidence is still more cvtensive and conspicuous. What are the puny malformed children, seen in poverty-stricken districts, but children whose appetites for food and desires for warmth have not been adequately satisfied? What are populations stunted in growth and prematurely aged,
- T can count up more than a dozen such cases among those personally well now in to Ine
ye G
