elections impartial and to provide for a fair adjudication of any complaints that might arise. Similarly effort has been made to make provision for the stability of the services whose rights and privileges will be duly safeguarded and victimization of honest public servants for political reasons will not be possible. Similarly at the Centre and in the Provinces the institution of fully independent Public Service Commission's has been recommended and care has been taken that the Commissions should be free from any political or executive pressure. The report provides for the absolute independence of the judiciary and for the ultimate separation of the judiciary from the executive. The recommendations to ensure the independence of the judiciary are not only positive but also uncompromising. The supremacy of law has been established; no one can claim exemption or privilege in this regard. If the recommendations of the report are accepted in their essence by the Constituent Assembly, the executive shall be fettered on the one hand by the control of Parliament and on the other by the supervision exercised by an independent judiciary. It may be argued that the executive should have been more powerful but in our opinion that would not have been fully democratic.
I now come to the structure of the Government. Both in the Provinces and at the Centre the executive will be responsible to popular Houses and will be liable to dismissal on their withdrawal of confidence. The Provinces will have unicameral legislatures; at the Centre there will be two Houses. The House of the People, however, will have all the real authority. The second House will enjoy only the privilege of recommending revision in hasty legislation. As I have said before, the Central Ministry will be responsible only to the House of the People and all money bills will originate there. The Provincial legislatures and the House of the People at the Centre will be elected by universal adult franchise. There is no reservation of seats for any special interests, nor has any weight age been provided to any class either by nomination or by the creation of special constituencies. The rights and privileges of the minorities form part of the report of another committee and need not be mentioned here; but in the matter of their representation, the Basic Principles Committee, being solicitous of their welfare, thought that their best political safeguard would be that they should elect their own representatives to the various legislatures without any outside interference. Ultimately all power will west in the popular Houses elected on the basis of universal adult franchise. I may add with a feeling of genuine pride that the recommendations of the Basic Principles Committee envisage a constitution which is fully democratic, even more democratic than the constitutions of many an old democracy. The will of the people under the proposed constitution will know no fetters except those which it may itself accept in the form of its faith and its ideals. I pray to God that great power may be exercised beneficently and wisely in accordance with the highest ideals and the best interests of the country; the recommendation of such a constitution is an act of faith in the wisdom of our people which at present may not seem justified because of the lack of political maturity among our masses but which, let us hope, will be the harbinger of that political experience which alone can tutor a nation in the ways and means of exercising democratic authority. We have made these recommendations because we believe and trust that God in His great wisdom will guide our people at every step and lead them to their goal of happiness,
