nation. In enacting those provisions the Muslim and non-Muslim members of the Constituent Assembly took part. There was thus jointness of action of the members as equal citizens. Then for enacting legislations for working the Constitution in the National Assembly and in the Provincial Assemblies all members thereof will act conjointly and no question of a Muslim Nation or a non-Muslim Nation would ever arise. Sir. this being the position, there should be also jointness i.e., equality, with regard to the franchise that has to be exercised by the people of Pakistan. Now, Sir, what is this Electorate Issue? This Electorate issue is connected with franchise and how that franchise is to be exercised? Here the franchise we are considering is the right to elect members for the National Assembly or the Provincial Assemblies. Should we introduce the Two-nation Theory here in deciding the question of Electorate? One of my friends, who spoke in favour of the motion, said that there is mention of Minorities in the Constitution which is not to be found in any other onstitution and that indicates two nations. That, I think, is wrong. However, Sir, in the Constitution it has been provided that all Minorities and Majorities are equal citizens and all shall have equal rights. So the Minorities and the Majorities have been placed on the same footing. Now if there is equal right, then the Minority has got equal right to elect his representative. He has got equal right. How can you curtail his right? He has got equal right to elect anyone, anyone of the citizens, be he a non-Muslim or a Muslim. This is the very fundamental right in a Democratic Country and that is a right which is one of the human rights that have been declared by the United Nations. Now ne of my friends, I think it was Mr. Sinha referred to the declaration of human rights formulated by the United Nations Organisation of which Pakistan is also a member. Now that declaration was framed on the 10th of December, 1948 and Quaid-iAzam made his memorable declaration in the Constituent Assembly while inaugurating the Assembly on the 11th August, 1947. Just after the creation of Pakistan, Pakistan became a member of the U.N.O. and the representatives of Pakistan were sent there. They went there as members of the Nation of Pakistani People and she was a party to this declaration. If you read the Preamble of this declaration and if you read the intention that was expressed while promulgating this declaration you will find what impelting necessity was felt for preparing the declaration and there was a perfect unanimity in framing the declaration. So far as this question is concerned the Pakistani Representative did not stress that Pakistan did stand on a different footing. It was not stressed that there were two nations in the country, and that the declaration No. 21, which relates to the question of franchise in a democratic country would not be possible to be applied.
Now, my friend, Mr. Sinha read some portion of the declaration. I shall read this declaration in full and that would give you an idea as to what this declaration is. Now, Article 21 says, “Everyone has the right to take part in the Government of his country directly or through freely chosen representatives. Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in the country. The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of Government. This will be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which stall be on Universal and Equal Suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedure”.
Now, Sir, I would draw your attention to the words “Universal” and “Equal". What do these two words “Universal” and “Equal” signify? “Universal” means that all people
