সাহায্য:পাবলিক ডোমেইন: সংশোধিত সংস্করণের মধ্যে পার্থক্য

বিষয়বস্তু বিয়োগ হয়েছে বিষয়বস্তু যোগ হয়েছে
Jayantanth ব্যবহারকারী সাহায্য:Public domain পাতাটিকে সাহায্য:পাবলিক ডোমেইন শিরোনামে স্থানান্তর করেছেন
+
১৩ নং লাইন:
== Criteria ==
These tables summarise the conditions a work must meet in order to be safely considered public domain<ref>The criteria tables are primarily derived from the Cornell Copyright Information Center's [http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm Public Domain chart], which is copyrighted by Peter Hirtle and released under the [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License 2.0].</ref><ref>[http://www.bromsun.com/practices/copyright-portfolio-development/copyright-durations.html ''Copyright durations''], Bromberg and Sunstein, LLP</ref>.
 
=== Published in the United States ===
{| class="prettytable"
! Date of publication
! Condition<ref>[http://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ15a.pdf Circular 15a] from the [[w:United States Copyright Office|United States Copyright Office]]</ref>
! What is public domain
! Template
|-
| Before 1923
| ''none.''
| ''all works.''
| {{tl|PD-1923}}, <nowiki>{{Pd/1923|year of author's death}}</nowiki>, or {{tl|PD-anon-1923}} if anonymous or pseudonymous
|-
| 1923–1963
| with notice, no renewal{{ref|renewal|[b]}}
| ''all works.''
| {{tl|PD-US-no-renewal}}
|-
| 1923–1963
| with notice and renewal{{ref|renewal|[b]}}
| Works published more than 95 years ago ({{#expr:{{#time:xnY}}-96}})
| ''none.''
|-
| 1923–1977
| no copyright notice
| ''all works.''
| {{tl|PD-US-no-notice}}
|-
| 1964–1977
| with notice
| Works published more than 95 years ago ({{#expr:{{#time:xnY}}-96}})
| ''none.''
|-
| 1978–1 March 1989
| no notice or subsequent registration
| ''all works.''
| {{tl|PD-US-no-notice-post-1977}}
|-
| 1978–1 March 1989
|
* no notice, but subsequent registration
* ''or'' with notice
| works of authors who died 70+ years ago ({{#expr:{{#time:xnY}}-70-1}}) or 1978+70 if later <ref>s304 Copyright Act 1976 "''Copyright in a work created before January 1, 1978, but not theretofore in the public domain or copyrighted, subsists from January 1, 1978, and endures for the term provided by section 302 [17 USCS Sect. 302]. In no case, however, shall the term of copyright in such a work expire before December 31, 2002; and, if the work is published on or before December 31, 2002, the term of copyright shall not expire before December 31, 2027.''" s302 states "Copyright in a work created on or after January 1, 1978, subsists from its creation and, except as provided by the following subsections, endures for a term consisting of the life of the author and fifty years after the author's death." The [[wikipedia:Copyright Term Extension Act|Copyright Term Extension Act]] extended the dates to December 31, 2047 and seventy years after death.</ref>
| ''none.''
|-
| 1 March 1989-2002
| Created in 1978 or later
| works of authors who died more than 70 years ago ({{#expr:{{#time:xnY}}-71}})
| ''none.''
|-
| 2003 or later
| ''none.''
| works of authors who died more than 70 years ago ({{#expr:{{#time:xnY}}-71}})
| {{tl|PD-US-unpublished}}
|-
| Any time
| prepared by an on-duty officer or employee of the United States Federal Government
| ''all works.''
| {{tl|PD-USGov}}
|-
| Any time
| official documents of the United Nations<ref>As Section 7 of the [http://www.un.int/usa/host_hqs.htm United States Headquarters Agreement for the United Nations, Public Law 80-357] applies the United States laws to the United Nations Headquarters, works published there are copyrighted in the same way as other works published in the United States.</ref>
| Official records, UN documents issued with a UN symbol, and not-for-sale public information materials designed primarily to inform the public about United Nations activities
| {{tl|PD-UN}}
|}
 
=== Published outside the United States ===
'''Note:''' Foreign works published after 1923 are likely to be still under copyright in the US because of the [[w:Uruguay Round Agreements Act|Uruguay Round Agreements Act]], even if they briefly entered public domain before the agreement.<ref>[http://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ38b.pdf ''Highlights of Copyright Amendments Contained in the Uruguay Round Agreements Act (URAA). Circular 38b''] ([[w:Portable Document Format|Portable Document Format]]), Library of Congress Copyright Office</ref> Only unambiguous conditions are listed below.
 
{| class="prettytable"
! Date of publication
! Condition
! What is public domain
! Template
|-
| Before 1 July 1909
| ''none.''
| ''all works.''
| <nowiki>{{Pd/1923|year of author's death}}</nowiki>, or {{tl|PD-anon-1923}} if anonymous or pseudonymous
|-
| 1 July 1909–1922
| in compliance with US formalities, published in English language, or the author is known to have died in {{#expr:{{#time:xnY}}-71}} or earlier (more than 70 years ago)
| ''all works.''
| <nowiki>{{Pd/1923|year of author's death}}</nowiki>, or {{tl|PD-anon-1923}} if anonymous or pseudonymous
|-
| 1923–1977
| public domain in its home country as of 1 January 1996 and never published in the US prior to that date
| ''all works.''
| {{tl|PD-1996}}, <nowiki>{{Pd/1996|year of author's death}}</nowiki>, or {{tl|PD-anon-1996}} if anonymous or pseudonymous
|-
| After 1 January 1978
| copyright in its home country
| works by authors who died more than 95 years ago ({{#expr:{{#time:xnY}}-96}})
|}
 
==== Published in Greater China ====
{| class="prettytable"
! Condition
! What is public domain
! Template
|-
| Works ineligible for copyright in Mainland China
| Laws; regulations; resolutions, decisions and orders of State organs; other documents of a legislative, administrative or judicial nature; and their official translations.
| {{tl|PD-CN}}
|-
| Official works of Macao
| Official works, in particular the texts of treaties, laws and regulations and those of reports or decisions by authorities of any kind, and translations thereof.
| {{tl|PD-MO}}
|-
| Works ineligible for copyright in Taiwan
| The constitution, acts, regulations, official documents (including proclamations, text of speeches, news releases, and other documents prepared by civil servants in the course of carrying out their duties), and their translations and compilations by central or local government agencies.
| {{tl|PD-TW}}
|}
 
==== Published in Germany====
{| class="prettytable"
! Condition
! What is public domain
! Template
|-
| Official works of Germany
| Official works released by any German federal or state authority or court. Third party translations are not public domain until 70 years after the death of the translator.
| {{tl|PD-DEGov}}
|}
 
==== Published in Indonesia====
{| class="prettytable"
! Condition
! What is public domain
! Template
|-
| Works ineligible for copyright
| Any result of open meetings of state institutions, laws and regulations, state addresses or government official speeches, court decisions and judicial orders or decisions of arbitration boards or of other similar agencies.
| {{tl|PD-EdictGovIndonesian}}
|}
=== Corporate authorship ===
'Corporate authorship' refers to works written for hire or in the name of a corporation.
 
{| class="prettytable"
! Date of publication
! Conditions
! Public domain
! Template
|-
| ''none.''
| unpublished
| Works created 120+ years ago ({{#expr:{{#time:xnY}}-120}})
| ''none.''
|-
| 1923 through 1977
|
* published outside the US and copyright in its home country
| works created 120+ years ago ({{#expr:{{#time:xnY}}-120}}) or published 95+ years ago ({{#expr:{{#time:xnY}}-95}}), whichever is earliest.
| ''none.''
|-
| 1978–1 March 1989
|
* no notice, but subsequent registration
* ''or'' with notice
| works created 120+ years ago ({{#expr:{{#time:xnY}}-120}}) or published 95+ years ago ({{#expr:{{#time:xnY}}-95}}), whichever is earliest.
| ''none.''
|-
| After 1 March 1989
| ''none.''
| works created 120+ years ago ({{#expr:{{#time:xnY}}-120}}) or published over 95+ years ago ({{#expr:{{#time:xnY}}-95}}), whichever is earliest.
| ''none.''
|}
 
===Edict of a government, local or foreign===
{| class="prettytable"
! Date of publication
! Conditions
! Public domain
! Template
|-
| ''any''
| ''any''
| Edict of a government, local or foreign; Documents include "judicial opinions, administrative rulings, legislative enactments, public ordinances, and similar official legal documents"
| {{tl|PD-GovEdict}}
|}
 
See [[Help:Official texts|Official texts]] for more information.
 
=== Unpublished works ===
An unpublished work is one that has ''never'' been [[w:Publication|published]] in any form, or which was first published after 2003 but created before 1935.
::Note for the European Union: If a previously unpublished work is published first time ("''editio princeps''") later than 70 years after the death of the author, then it is no more public domain but it is granted a copyright for 25 years (Council Directive 93/98/EEC, see [[:w:Directive harmonizing the term of copyright protection#Previously unpublished works|here]])
 
{| class="prettytable"
! Type of work
! What is public domain
! Template
|-
|
* Most works (except those below)
* ''or'' created before 1978 and published after 2002
| works of authors who died more than 70 years ago ({{#expr:{{#time:xnY}}-71}})
| {{tl|PD-old-70}}
|-
|
* anonymous or pseudonymous
* ''or'' author's date of death unknown
| Works created more than 120 years ago ({{#expr:{{#time:xnY}}-121}})
| {{tl|PD-old}}
|}
 
=== Miscellaneous ===
{| class="prettytable"
! Condition
! What is public domain
! Template
|-
| No creative content
| Some works (vague)
| {{tl|PD-ineligible}}
|-
| Copyright released by holder
| All works
| {{tl|PD-release}}
|}
 
=== Not public domain ===
{| class="prettytable"
! Conditions
! Date PD
|-
| unpublished works created before 1978 and published 1978–2002
| No earlier than 2048{{ref|copyrighted_unpublished|[a]}}
|}
 
== Copyright terms by country ==
These tables outline the estimated length of time of copyright per country<ref>[http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/okbooks.html ''How Can I Tell Whether a Book Can Go Online?''], Online Books Page</ref><ref>[http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/okbooks.html#whatpd ''Summary of copyright terms''] The Online Books Page</ref><ref>[http://portal.unesco.org/culture/en/ev.php-URL_ID=14076&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html ''Collection of National Copyright Laws''], United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation</ref>. Laws regarding anonymous works, corporate-authored works, or non-literary works vary per country. '''This is not intended to be used as a legal guideline since it cannot reflect the complexity of the copyright laws in effect at any one time and since copyright laws are changing continuously'''; this section simply provides a useful summary as part of a more in-depth research. See also the following Wikipedia copyright length lists for further information:
* [[w:List of countries' copyright length|List of countries' copyright length]] (based on the death dates of the individual authors)
* [[w:List of countries' copyright length based on publication and creation dates|List of countries' copyright length based on publication and creation dates]]
* [[w:Official text copyright|Official text copyright]]
* [[w:Rule of the shorter term|Rule of the shorter term]]
* [[w:Moral rights|Moral rights]]
* [[w:Wikipedia:Non-US_copyrights#Dates_of_restoration_and_terms_of_protection]]
 
{| class="prettytable"
! Country
! Copyright length
|-
| Albania
| life + 70
|-
| Algeria
| life + 50
|-
| Andorra
| life + 70
|-
| Angola
| life + 50
|-
| Argentina
| life + 70
|-
| Armenia
| life + 50
|-
| Aruba
| unknown
|-
| Australia
| life + 50 if author died before 1955, otherwise life + 70
|-
| Austria
| life + 70
|-
| Azerbaijan
| life + 50
|-
| Bahrain
| life + 50
|-
| Bangladesh
| life + 50
|-
| Barbados
| life + 50
|-
| Belarus
| life + 50
|-
| Belgium
| life + 70
|-
| Belize
| life + 50
|-
| Benin
| life + 50
|-
| Bhutan
| life + 50
|-
| Bolivia
| life + 50
|-
| Bosnia and Herzegovina
| life + 70
|-
| Brazil
|
*life + 70 for known authors<ref>[http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/br/br002en.html Law No. 9610 of February 19, 1998, on Copyright and Neighboring Rights], article 41</ref>
*first publication + 70 for anonymous or pseudonymous works (only if the author doesn't make his identity known before the expiry)<ref>[http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/br/br002en.html Law No. 9610 of February 19, 1998, on Copyright and Neighboring Rights], article 43</ref>
*first publication + 70 for audiovisual and photographic works<ref>[http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/br/br002en.html Law No. 9610 of February 19, 1998, on Copyright and Neighboring Rights], article 44</ref>, phonograms and transmission for the broadcasts of broadcasting organizations<ref>[http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/br/br002en.html Law No. 9610 of February 19, 1998, on Copyright and Neighboring Rights], article 96</ref>
*texts of treaties or conventions, laws, decrees, regulations, judicial decisions and other official enactments shall be excluded from copyright protection<ref>[http://www.wipo.int/clea/docs_new/en/br/br002en.html Law No. 9610 of February 19, 1998, on Copyright and Neighboring Rights], article 8</ref>
|-
| Brunei
| life + 50
|-
| Bulgaria
| life + 70
|-
| Burkina Faso
| life + 50
|-
| Burundi
| life + 50
|-
| Cambodia
| life + 50
|-
| Cameroon
| life + 50
|-
| Canada
| life + 50
|-
| Cape Verde
| life + 50
|-
| Chile
| life + 50
|-
| China
| life + 50
|-
| Colombia
| life + 80
|-
| Costa Rica
| life + 70
|-
| Cote d'Ivoire
| life + 99
|-
| Croatia
| life + 50 if author died before 1949<ref>[http://www.nn.hr/sluzbeni-list/sluzbeni/index.asp NN 1999/9 Zakon o autorskom pravu (pročišćeni tekst)] old law life +50</ref>, otherwise life + 70 <ref>[http://www.nn.hr/sluzbeni-list/sluzbeni/index.asp NN 1999/76 Zakon o izmjenama i dopunama Zakona o autorskom pravu] change from life +50 to life +70</ref><ref>[http://www.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeno/2003/2399.htm Zakon o autorskom pravu i srodnim pravima (valid law)]</ref>
|-
| Cuba
| life + 50
|-
| Czech Republic
| life + 70
|-
| Denmark
| life + 70
|-
| Djibouti
| life + 25
|-
| Dominica
| life + 70
|-
| Dominican Republic
| life + 50
|-
| Ecuador
| life + 70
|-
| Egypt
| life + 50
|-
| El Salvador
| life + 50
|-
| Estonia
| life + 70
|-
| European Union
| life + 70
|-
| Fiji
| life + 50
|-
| Finland
| life + 70
|-
| France
| life + 70
|-
| Georgia
| life + 50
|-
| Germany
| life + 70
|-
| Ghana
| life + 70
|-
| Greece
| life + 70
|-
| Guatemala
| life + 75
|-
| Honduras
| life + 75
|-
| Hong Kong
| life + 50
|-
| Hungary
| life + 70
|-
| Iceland
| life + 70
|-
| India
| life + 60 for literary or musical works or artistic works, publication + 60 for others<ref>[http://copyright.gov.in/Documents/handbook.html ''A Hand Book of Copyright Law''], Government of India Ministry of Human Resource Development</ref>.
|-
| Indonesia
| life + 50
|-
| Iran
| life + 30
|-
| Iraq
| life + 50 (imposed by occupying provisional authority)
|-
| Ireland
| life + 70
|-
| Israel
| life + 70
|-
| Italy
| life + 70
|-
| Jamaica
| life + 50
|-
| Japan
| life + 50 (publication + 70 years for motion pictures)
|-
| Jordan
| life + 50
|-
| Kazakhstan
| life + 50
|-
| Kenya
| life + 50
|-
| Korea (South)
| life + 50
|-
| Kuwait
| life + 50
|-
| Kyrgyzstan
| life + 50
|-
| Latvia
| life + 70
|-
| Lebanon
| life + 50
|-
| Libya
| life + 25, with 50-year minimum (as of 1968; may have changed since)
|-
| Liechtenstein
| life + 70
|-
| Lithuania
| life + 70
|-
| Luxembourg
| life + 70
|-
| Macao
| life + 50
|-
| Madagascar
| life + 70
|-
| Malaysia
| life + 50
|-
| Maldives
| none
|-
| Mali
| life + 50
|-
| Malta
| life + 70
|-
| Marshall Islands
| none
|-
| Mauritius
| life + 50
|-
| Mexico
| life + 100
|-
| Moldova
| life + 50
|-
| Mongolia
| life + 50
|-
| Montenegro
| life + 70
|-
| Morocco
| life + 50
|-
| Namibia
| life + 50
|-
| The Netherlands
| life + 70
|-
| New Zealand
| life + 50
|-
| Nicaragua
| life + 70
|-
| Niger
| life + 50
 
According to Ch.&nbsp;II, Art.&nbsp;6 of the Nigerien copyright law, items not protected are:
* official texts of legislative, administrative or judiciary nature, or official translations of such texts,
* current news items,
* single facts and statements.
|-
| Nigeria
| Life + 70
|-
| Norway
| life + 70
|-
| Oman
| life + 50
|-
| Pakistan
| life + 50
|-
| Palau
| life + 50
|-
| Panama
| life + 50
|-
| Papua New Guinea
| life + 50
|-
| Paraguay
| life + 70
|-
| Peru
| life + 70
|-
| Philippines
| life + 50
|-
| Poland
| life + 70
|-
| Portugal
| life + 70
|-
| Qatar
| life + 50
|-
| Romania
| life + 70
|-
| Russia
| life + 70(74) (life + 50(54) for works whose copyright expired before January 1, 2004)<ref>[http://www.copyright.ru/details-1449.html copyright.ru] (Russian)</ref>
|-
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
| life + 50
|-
| Samoa
| Life + 75
|-
| Saudi Arabia
| life + 50
|-
| Serbia
| life + 70
|-
| Seychelles
| life + 25
|-
| Singapore
| life + 70
|-
| Slovakia
| life + 70
|-
| Slovenia
| life + 70
|-
| Solomon Islands
| life + 50
|-
| South Africa
| life + 50
|-
| Spain
| life + 80 if author died before December 07, 1987<ref>[http://eulc.eu/normativa/RDleg/1/1996/DT4 Disposición transitoria cuarta. Autores fallecidos antes del 7 de diciembre de 1987. Ley de propiedad intelectual]</ref>, otherwise life + 70 <ref>[http://noticias.juridicas.com/base_datos/Admin/rdleg1-1996.l1t3.html Artículo 26. Ley de propiedad intelectual]</ref>
|-
| Sudan
| life + 50
|-
| Swaziland
| life + 50
|-
| Sweden
| life + 70
|-
| Switzerland
| life + 70
|-
| Syria
| life + 50
|-
| Taiwan
| life + 50
|-
| Tajikistan
| life + 50
|-
| Tanzania
| life + 50
|-
| Thailand
| life + 50
|-
| Togo
| life + 50
|-
| Tonga
| life + 50
|-
| Trinidad and Tobago
| life + 50
|-
| Tunisia
| life + 50
|-
| Turkey
| life + 70
|-
| United Arab Emirates
| life + 50
|-
| United Kingdom
| life + 70
|-
| United States of America
| expired for works published before 1923; 28 or 95 years for works copyrighted 1923-1963; 95 years for works copyrighted 1964-1977; thereafter life+70.
|-
| Uruguay
| life + 50
|-
| Uzbekistan
| life + 50
|-
| Venezuela
| life + 60
|-
| Vietnam
| life + 50
|-
| Yemen
| life + 30
|-
| Zambia
| life + 50
|-
| Zimbabwe
| life + 50
|}
 
== Notes ==
=== Footnotes ===
* {{note|copyrighted_unpublished|a}} These works have copyright terms extending 70 years beyond the author's life, or until 31 December 2047 (whichever is greater), pursuant to [[United States Code/Title 17/Chapter 3/Sections 302 and 303|17 United States Code 303]].
* {{note|renewal|b}} The United States [http://www.scils.rutgers.edu/~lesk/copyrenew.html Copyright renewal records] search engine is a useful tool for determining renewal status: it has registrations and renewals after 1978. [http://collections.stanford.edu/copyrightrenewals/bin/page?forward=home Stanford Copyright Renewal Database] has renewals before 1978.
 
=== References ===
<div style="font-size:smaller;"><references /></div>
 
=== See also ===
* [[:Category:Copyright law]]
* [[w:United States copyright law|United States copyright law]]
* [[w:Wikipedia:Public domain|Wikipedia:Public domain]]
* [[w:Wikipedia:Non-U.S. copyrights|Wikipedia:Non-U.S. copyrights]]
* [[commons:Commons:Hirtle chart]] (a chart similar to this one, only for images)
* [http://outofcopyright.eu/calculator.html Public Domain calculator] by Europeana
 
{{Copyright help navbox}}
 
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{{process header
| title = Public domain
| section =
| previous = ← [[Help:Contents]]
| next =
| shortcut = [[H:PD]]
| notes = This page helps users determine whether a given work is in the public domain in the USA where Wikisource server is hosted, and which template to use.
 
If a work is in the public domain in Canada but not in the USA, without license compatible with the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License 3.0 and the GFDL, please post it on [[Wikilivres:Help:Public domain|Canadian Wikilivres]] (requiring username as IP users cannot edit there).
}}
 
This document attempts to clarify whether copyright applies but see also [[Wikisource:Copyright policy|Copyright policy]] and [[Help:Copyright tags|Copyright tags]] for categories to use.
== Criteria ==
These tables summarise the conditions a work must meet in order to be safely considered public domain<ref>The criteria tables are primarily derived from the Cornell Copyright Information Center's [http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm Public Domain chart], which is copyrighted by Peter Hirtle and released under the [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License 2.0].</ref><ref>[http://www.bromsun.com/practices/copyright-portfolio-development/copyright-durations.html ''Copyright durations''], Bromberg and Sunstein, LLP</ref>.
 
 
=== Published in the United States ===